Various measurements were used in Thailand, that is, setbacks, beach restorations, edgings, vegetations, seawalls, dikes, revetments, breakwaters, groins, jetties where 2/3 of them are revetments and seawalls [1], as shown in Table 1. Some of them have achieved their goals; however, some of them did not. From the field surveys, cases that erosion is induced by a coastal protection project were founded, for example, toe scours were formed near seawalls and dikes; sediments were blocked by jetties or industrial estates resulted in heavy erosion in downstream areas. In addition, several dikes and seawalls were broken because their backfilling materials flowed out from their bodies.
Reference
[1] Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. “Guidelines for Project Development and Coastal Erosion Prevention and Resolution Plans”, available online at https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailLib/3712 (in Thai)