Destructions of Coastal Structures Constructed in Very Shallow Areas

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Dikes and seawalls are conventional measures for stopping retreat of a shoreline due to their ability to prevent wave overtopping. However, even these structures are constructed far away from shorelines, many times, heavy coastal erosion occurred, shorelines retreated, and the structures were exposed to the sea. Under this condition, incident waves are broken closer to the structures and wash away sediments at their fronts during return flows—this phenomenon is called scour at the front of a structure. Scour diminishes the stability at the front of the structures and be the main cause for overturns and slides of armor surfaces of the structures.